Oxides
previously read the article glaze calculations
An oxide can be defined as a compound of two elements, one of which is oxygen.
The molecular formulae of glazes and frits are given in terms of molecular parts of the constituent oxides. The oxides are classified into three main groups:
( l ) Acidic Oxides
They are the oxides of non-metals. If soluble in water, they combine with it, forming an acid,
e.g. SO3+ H2O = H2SO4
They combine with bases to form salts. .
An example, using the acidic oxide CO2, is given below:
Ca(OH)2+CO2 = CaCO3+ H2O
Silica (SiO2) and boric oxide (B203) are the two main acidic oxides used in frits and glazes. They combine with other elements to form silicate and borate glasses.
(2) Basic Oxides Continue reading
Glaze Calculations
Glaze Calculations
Molecular Weights, Formulae and Use of Chemical Equations, Oxides;
Percentage Composition and Formula; Calculation of a Recipe from a Simple Glaze Formula; Given the Recipe of a Glaze Calculate the Formula
CHEMICAL equations are often used in ceramic calculations.
The great importance of chemical equations lies not so much in their being a convenient symbol to express the nature of the reagents and products of a chemical change, but in the fact that all chemical calculations are based on the use of formulae and equations in conjunction with atomic weights.
It is important to understand the use of these fundamental calculations as applied to ceramic materials. Once the formula of a compound is known, then it is a simple matter to calculate the molecular weight. Continue reading
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Mold Making & Slip Casting
The Essential Guide to Mold Making & Slip Casting
For potters, mold making is invaluable because it allows them to slip-cast identical multiples of their work—and this newly revised, now in color edition of Andrew Martin’s classic is the definitive guide to the craft. No other volume has shown the processes in such how-to detail. It’s overflowing with hundreds of photos, key techniques, projects, master artist profiles, and troubleshooting tips. A thorough introduction addresses materials and tools, and presents Martin’s simple, unique template method for making clay prototypes. Create easy one-piece molds to make tiles, bowls, and platters, or multi-piece molds for more complex forms. Continue reading
Ceramic Handbook Paper Clay
Paper Clay
Paper clay, a plastic modeling mix of clay, paper pulp, and water, is an extraordinarily versatile material. It is easy to use, extremely strong in an unfired state, and easily repairable at nearly every stage in the forming process. The final glazed and fired result can be indistinguishable from conventional clay, except that paper clay products are much lighter in weight. This last feature is particularly useful for wall installations and delicate sculptural forms. A relatively recent development, paper clay has been a mixed blessing for sculptors. While it is extremely malleable, its short drying time can lead to cracking and fragility. Continue reading
Surface Design for Ceramics
Surface Design for Ceramics
For ceramists of any level, surface design is an essential skill for creating beautiful work. And this comprehensive and invaluable studio reference captures all the popular techniques available for embellishing clay. A wealth of practical information and detailed images lead you through every phase of the process—from the wet and leather-hard stages (faceting, carving, burnishing) through bisque ware (terra sigillata and slip work), to firing (glazing methods) and post-firing (decals, lusters, and raku). Because the procedures Continue reading
The Big Book of Ceramic
The Big Book of ceramic
In this exhaustive introduction to ceramics, all the materials, equipment, and techniques of the craft are presented clearly and accessibly. An easy-to-follow text is accompanied by hundreds of color photographs and schematic drawings that illustrate every material, technique, piece of equipment, and step-by-step demonstration.
The book begins with a history of ceramics that covers techniques and styles from various periods and parts of the world. Then clays and glazes are Continue reading
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